![]() Here, we conducted two experiments and three statistical analyses to investigate the influence of stimulus modality, task demand, and statistical choices on event‐related potential (ERP) response patterns to SRAs in English. However, most previous studies employed the same presentation modality (visual) and task (acceptability judgement). ![]() Subsequent research revealed variability in the presence/absence of an N400 effect to SRAs depending on the language examined and the choice of verb type in English. In spite of being syntactically well‐formed but semantically implausible, these sentences unexpectedly elicited a monophasic P600 effect in English and Dutch rather than an N400 effect. Semantic reversal anomalies (SRAs) – sentences where an implausibility is created by reversing participant roles – have attracted much attention in the literature on the electrophysiology of language. Studies assessing the role of linguistic factors on the acceptability of fallacies. Our results thus open a new avenue of inquiry for Together, these experiments strongly indicate that the formulation of a straw man has an More acceptable when it echoes the speaker's explicit rather than implicit meaning. In Experiment 3, we find that a straw man is Ments that are simply juxtaposed rather than linked by a causal connective indicatingĪttributed content (i.e. InĮxperiment 2, we show that a straw man is more acceptable when it contains two argu. ![]() In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that a straw man is moreĪcceptable when the speaker's argument is attacked rather than his standpoint. In three experiments, we assess linguistic factors that may influence the acceptability of View in order to make it more extreme and therefore less acceptable, thus easier to attack. ![]() The discussion considers what these results reveal about the nature of shallow processing.Ī straw man is a form of fallacious argument that involves the distortion of an opponent's The rate of anomaly detection is also shown to be modulated by processing load and experimental task instructions. There was some evidence that non-detected anomalies were processed unconsciously in both the eye movement record or in ERPs, however effects were weak and require replication. Anomaly detection results in severe disruption in the eye movement data, and a late positivity in ERPs. The main findings are that semantic anomaly detection is not immediate, but slightly delayed. This thesis presents a series of studies, including four eye-tracking and one ERP study that investigates the nature of shallow processing as evidenced when participants report, or fail to report, hard-to-detect semantic anomalies. There has been surprisingly little work carried out on the on-line processing of these types of anomalies, and the differences in processing when anomalies are detected or missed. For example, when asked, “how many animals did Moses take on the Ark?” readers often incorrectly answer “two” failing to notice that it was Noah and not Moses who built the Ark. This is taken as evidence for shallow processing and is best typified, we argue, when readers fail to detect semantically anomalous words in a sentence. However, there is increasing evidence that these processes may, in some circumstances, not be completed fully, and the resultant representation, underspecified. These processes are assumed to be generally completed fully and automatically. The traditional view of language comprehension is that the meaning of a sentence is composed of the meaning of each word combined into a fully specified syntactic structure.
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